BADM grad assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BADM grad - Assignment Example This is carried out either by making a proposal or provision of other options. Certain tasks are then pressed down to corporate units where there is maximum experience. People with input tasks are later on requested to offer applicable information through efficient decisions based on evaluation of facts, instead of looking for judgment on management. RAPID decision-making model can be used to clarify process tasks and accountabilities the dedication to the point the organization takes action. Good transaction judgment provides a grasp on the trade-offs in accordance with the roles and tasks of all workers in the organization. Roles and responsibilities create an awareness of the group that will fulfill the decision of the organization. The RAPID model is best suited for decision-making teamwork, while the RACI model is best suited for implementation teams. The RAPID model will also focus more on the function of every member in the team while making the decision in order to entice the recruitment of more experienced people. The RACI model intentionally operates within execution plan to initiate numerous downstream decisions that surface frequently. Even though both decision-making models follow al principles concerning assigning of tasks and responsibilities, the high effect of the RAPID model calls for transparency around import ant decision-making roles for all individuals in the team. The IOPT model is a simple instrument that determines that style to be used when creating answers to a survey. The evaluation of the IOPT model involves four styles and patterns. The â€Å"Snowflake† graphic, transparencies, â€Å"your way† table and Chickenpox are the styles employed by the IOPT models. The â€Å"Snowflake† graphic are templates that recognize features linked to different planned patterns. The patterns have been designed to superimpose individual groups’ profiles. These

Equilibrium Level Of National Income In The Keynesian Cross Model Economics Essay

Equilibrium Level Of National Income In The Keynesian Cross Model Economics Essay National income is defined as the investments and savings in a countrys economy. Keynesian cross model shows the formula for equilibrium national income as; Y= C +I+ G+ (X-M); where Y is the national income, C is aggregate consumption, I is aggregate investment, G is government spending, X is exports and M is imports. The aggregate demand is an upward curve since it is assumed consumers demand more when their disposable income is high. There is a positive relationship between disposable income and consumption and therefore it is true to argue that demand will always increase with increase in disposable income. Aggregate demand also increases as investment increases but is negatively affected if it happens that imports and taxes increase due to rise in investment since they negatively affect the investment level. The equilibrium level is at the point where AD, total demand, is equal to Y, national output. At this point, total supply equals total demand. The major factor leading to a movement towards the equilibrium points is inventory changes as a result of changes in income and production- if it happens that the current output is more than the equilibrium level, inventories will accumulate leading to a cut down in production and thus a downward move towards the equilibrium. On the other hand, with a production level below the equilibrium, there is short of inventories and thus businesses will produce more leading to an upward move towards the equilibrium. If there is a rise in any of the aggregate demand components, C, Ip, G or NX, the demand curve shifts upward. The rises in these components can be as a result of increases in production because of increased optimism about the profitability in the future. This increase will lead to an increase in the equilibrium levels. Similarly, with a decrease in any of the demand components, the demand curve shifts downwards and leads to a decrease in the equilibrium levels. Keynes effect assumes that quantity demanded increases with decrease in price and vice versa. With constant nominal money supply, decreasing price implies lower interest rates and thus higher spending. The major emphasis in this model is that a decrease in aggregate demand can lead to a stable equilibrium with substantial unemployment. Full employment is argued to be arrived at when there are adjustments in the aggregate demand. The equilibrium national income (Y) is as shown in the figure below. At Y, the desired spending curve intersects the total income curve; AD=Y. Aggregate demand AD National income Y Y Keynesian cross model has a number of limitations. The first one is the fact that not all of gross private domestic investment counts as part of aggregate demand (Dolan Lindsey, 1994, p.139). This means that the aggregate demand is undervalued since some investments, which need increase aggregate demand is left out. It is assumed that most of the investment is as a result of general over-production or unplanned inventory accumulation and thus there is always a decrease in national income whenever there is unplanned inventory accumulation. This implies that only the planned investment is included in the aggregate demand. Another limitation is that unlike all other demand curves, which are downward sloping, the aggregate demand curve in this case is upward sloping since it is assumed that an increase in national income or output will lead to increased disposable income and thus increased demand. The last limitation is the fact that the national output curve needs to be steeper than the aggregate demand curve for the two to intersect. This implies that it is assumed that the aggregate demand curve has a positive vertical intercept so as to cross Y curve. In Keynesian cross theory, it is assumed that an economy does not necessary need to have full employment for it to be stable. As it is advocated in classical theories that there should be full employment in the economy to prevent recessions and inflation, Keynes argues that an economy can be stable only when there is adjustment in the aggregate demand. This way, equilibrium aggregate income does not necessary mean full employment. J. M. Keynes supports this argument by stating that, Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spiritsof a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilitiesif the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters enterprise will fade and die (Heijdra, 2009, p.25). It should be noted that although Keynesian cross model is simple and easy to understand, its limitations make it unreliable. Its demand curve contradicts with all the other theories.

Summary of Canins Emperor of the Air :: essays research papers

RR - â€Å"Emperor of the Air† Connections Our traditions are what keep families together. From a gold locket to an old photograph, these items are irreplaceable. What they hold to them are memories of those before us and moments in history that have passed. In the story, â€Å"Emperor of the Air† by Ethan Canin, an elderly man is forced to give up the one thing that his family has left behind: a two hundred year old elm tree. It holds the memories of his childhood and still shows signs of life that may still last for years to come. As the story begins, the narrator, introduces himself as â€Å"sixty-nine years old, [who] lives in the same house [he] was raised in, and [has] been the high school biology and astronomy teacher† (3) in the same town. Though he is married, he has no children which gives both he and his wife Vera opportunities to travel the world. However, due to a heart attack, his wife now travels solo because his body has weakened from the occurrence. He often feels lonely because his wife travels for weeks and his only entertainment are stars. A sudden situation erupts between he and his neighbor, Mr. Pike. His neighbor informs the man that he must cut down the old elm tree because it is infected with insects that may cause the tree to fall on his home. However, the man is reluctant in doing so because it is over two hundred years of age and holds value to him. It is considered a family heirloom. In an attempt to preserve the tree’s life, the elderly man combines several poisons and spreads it around the tree. For a short while it actually works, but soon the insects reappear causing the situation to escalate. Mr. Pike with no other alternatives, contacts the authorities and the request to cut down the elm tree is granted. In order to save his tree, the old man decides to take some insects from his tree and spread it to his neighbor’s elm trees.

Genetically modified (GM) foods Essay

What does a tomato, soybean, and McDonald’s French fry have in common? They are all some of the most commonly genetically modified foods sold on the market today. By using the genetic information from one organism, and inserting or modifying it into another organism, scientists can make food crops stay fresher, grow bigger, and have the crops create their own pesticides. Nevertheless, the technology to modify genes has surpassed its practicality. Genetically modified foods need to be removed from everyday agriculture because of the threat they pose to human health, the environment, and the impact on global economy. Genetically modified (GM) foods could produce new toxic substances, and/or allergens. A gene from the Brazil nut was inserted into the DNA of a soybean plant to increase the nutritional value of the soybean. However, this particular gene in the GM soybean also produced an allergen (a substance that causes allergic reactions in people). Fortunately, the plant was not put into production (McHughen 119). Another example is of a GM tomato called â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. The tomato is larger, tastier, and stays fresher longer than commercial tomatoes on the market. Combining conventional tomato genes with the genes of an arctic trout produces the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. Nevertheless, questions such as â€Å"Will people with sea food allergies be able to consume the tomato?† and â€Å"Will the trout genes in the tomato enable new bacteria growth, and thereby make the tomato hazardous to eat?† have still not been answered. This causes the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR† to be a potential hazard to human health (McHughen 14, 112). Since technology is new with regards to genetics, there is no real way of knowing whether genetically modified foods would take a negative impact on the body. An incident that occurred in 1989 concerning the nutritional supplement L- Tryptophan is one way of testing the long-term effects of a GM food (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). The manufacturer had apparently altered its manufacturing process to speed up production, and had not realized the toxic side effects. However, it caused a potentially fatal illness called Eosinophilia Myolgia Syndrome in which 37 people died and 1500 more were permanently disabled (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Therefore, it was taken off the market shortly after the reports of widespread illness among consumers of the supplement. Another two examples of diseases that have been created by GM crops are glufosinate (Hart 21), which causes birth defects in mammals, and glyphosate (Hart 88), which is now linked to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Therefore, it is evident that the general public is the guinea pig for GM food, and today’s drugs may not be able to combat the diseases that may arise from eating the food. Superbugs are created when genes transfer from one species to another, and if an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant gene were to transfer from an organism into a disease creating bacteria, then an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant bug would be created (Miller 83). This applies to bacteria and viruses that are symbiotically related. Gene modification is indirectly making life resistant to diseases, and these bacteria and viruses will adapt to the new form of life and create new disorders. Furthermore, GM crops may make the â€Å"normal† biological pest spray obsolete. This is because pests will soon develop resistance to the spray because of the widespread planting of GM crops. Nevertheless, superbug pesticides have not yet been manufactured, nor have superbug antibiotics been created (Miller 92). Consequently, the health risks for humans through superbug infections or by eating GM food is very serious, and the consequences that may come about have the potent ial to be life threatening. Genetic engineering of food crops has the potential to affect the biodiversity of a region in effectively two ways. First, wild populations of weed may be replaced by GM crop/weed, due to the GM crop spreading outside the crop field and interacting with natural weed and slowly becoming GM weed. Since GM crops are produced to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides, there is the possibility that they could invade wild grasslands and other places and prosper because of these special characteristics. If this happened, the native grasses would be unable to compete and biodiversity would be lost in these regions. Also, many genetically engineered crops contain anti-viral genes and there is the potential that these genes could combine to form new and dangerous strains of viruses, which could destroy specific crops. Although, to date, there is no direct evidence of these occurring naturally, the potential is clearly increasing (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What is happening to Agricultural Biodiversity?). The second way in which the biodiversity of a region is potentially affected is by the decreasing crop varieties that are being planted. This is a problem already existing in agriculture today, and results in a loss of genetic variety within crop cultures. Farmers being forced to use only patented seeds are an example of a potential decrease in biodiversity. If traditional seed varieties are used, farmers will be at a financial disadvantage due to better tasting, better looking crops produced by farmers using GM seeds. In the U.S., and some other countries, laws have been passed and are currently in effect stating that the use of non-patented seeds is prohibited. This will restrict the crops to a few species, leaving them more at risk to new pests that may form (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What are the underlying causes of the Losses of Agricultural Biodiversity?). The European community is by far the most anti-GM, so to speak, when it comes to the retail of GM food in their supermarkets (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Consumer attitudes and decision-making with regard to genetically modified food products). Regulations are being imposed on the European Parliament, individual European nations, and some stores themselves have all imposed restrictions on GM foods. Manufacturers must label all foods that might have genetically altered ingredients. This includes food with genetically manufactured organisms, food with an intentionally modified molecular structure, and food that has been isolated for microorganisms, fungi, and algae. Furthermore, the genetically altered food must not mislead the consumer, present any danger to the consumer, or differ from the food that it is intended to replace so that the altered food is a nutritional disadvantage to the consumer (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Development of meth ods to identify foods produced by means of genetic engineering). This legislation has now created trade barriers for food coming into Europe – some imported food is genetically modified and creates a risk to the people’s health and safety. Nevertheless, because some supermarkets in Europe have decided to be non-GM only, this has created a competitive disadvantage for the â€Å"half†-GM supermarkets. This response to consumer pressure is also having an effect on some companies or countries that cannot meet the legislative needs, and are obliged to lose markets and/or market shares (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, European network safety assessment of genetically modified food crops). If the world finally agrees to the consumption of GM food, European countries will be the last to â€Å"give-in† to the more lenient regulations. If one is to ask a North American if the product he or she is eating contains GM food, he or she will most likely show a blank stare. This is because regulation of GM food in North America is relatively relaxed when compared to Europe (Borger, second paragraph). Since the manufacturer is not required to label their products, the consumer is oblivious to buying GM food at the supermarket. Agriculture and technology are both being heavily invested in the United States. Profit is an important driving force for the developed world, and agricultural exports make up a large portion of exports from the United States (Borger, third paragraph). Since the demand for food is always increasing, the demand to produce more food at a faster rate requires the need for better biotechnology to be put into practice. And because of the lax laws in effect for the United States, and Canada, North Americans are â€Å"in the dark† with regards to what they are eating during their meals. North Americans are not educated about the risks of GM food, nor are they aware of where to find information regarding how much GM food is in their groceries (Borger, 12th paragraph). This poses a serious threat to the potential health of North Americans, as they are nothing but â€Å"lab rats† waiting for their first abnormal â€Å"twitch†. Human health can be seen as the greatest factor when considering the manufacturing of GM food. This is because of the few diseases and viruses that have been discovered which formed through the use of GM food. Also, the potential for new diseases and/or viruses through the use of GM food is increasing, and people are not aware of the risks. Antibiotics or pesticides have not yet been created to combat the superbug, and this is a concern for humans, as it will infect people, and crops altogether. There is a potential for the biodiversity to decrease because of gene transfers from one species to another, creating more powerful crops, which may take over the natural populations of weeds and grasslands. An additional way for the biodiversity to decrease is by farmers planting only a single variety of crop, thus wiping out the varied species needed to keep the diversity within crop fields. Europeans are the most aware of GM food, and are taking the necessary precautions and legislative actions to protect themselves against the use of GM food. However, North Americans are the least aware of GM food, and their government has not yet educated their citizens on the risks of GM food. There are too many risks involved in the use of GM food, and its removal from the agricultural and biotechnological industries will benefit human health, the environment, and global economy.

Book Report

The book under analysis is the work by Frey James My Friend Leonard. This choice was spurred by controversial reaction it provoked among the public and literary critics. This novel is, actually, a sequel to the book A Million Little Pieces published a year before. The genre of My Friend Leonard may be defined as a memoir though, as the author himself admits, it contains a certain degree of fictional elements. Frey James is an extraordinary figure in modern American literature. His own biography of a person who experienced problems with alcoholism, drug addiction, and even being a convicted criminal provides Frey with the manifold material which he successfully employed in the memoir. The main character of the memoir is obviously author’s namesake James who serves time in a prison. After jail release James returns to Lilly, his girlfriend, to Chicago but the life outside the prison is far from harmony. James finds his girlfriend dead after committing a suicide overnight. Being struck by this dreadful discovery the main character still does not go to seeds; he decides to stay in Chicago and takes up job of a bouncer in Chicago pubs. However feeling of rage and the weight of reality makes James be scared of relapse thus he appeals to his old friend Leonard. Since their meeting the story assumes its main plotline – the relations between two men, the relations which border upon the friendship and father-son bonds. Leonard is an Italian mobster who offered James to be his â€Å"stepfather† when they both where in rehabilitation: â€Å"I would like you to be my son.† Leonard gladly relieves his friend and â€Å"son† and helps him to get him on his feet. As the time lapses the scene of action together with the main character transfers from Chicago to Los Angeles. James changes his activity. Now he is a writer. He still maintains close relationship with Leonardo, who remains his faithful friend and tutelary father. The relations that develop between them are presented from deeply psychological side. The author aims to show the deep feeling of people who far from ideal figures still are human and exhibit the best example of the relations called friendship. The depiction of feelings expressed to animals is as masterfully executed as the feelings among humans. Thus while reading the passage where James takes his dog to the hospital to put it to sleep and the farewell scene makes the reader feel the same emotions. â€Å"The vet inserts the needle, depresses the plunger. Cassius yelps like a little puppy, my big tough pitbull feels the sting, I hold him as his blood courses through his veins I hold him as he stumbles, as he falls, I hold him as he dies. I look into his eyes and I tell him I love him and I’ll miss him and I’m so so so sorry. He dies in my arms and I hold him and I cry, I cry, I cry.† Returning to the main character and his friend Leonard we witness how their relations arise to its peak point and suddenly Leonardo vanishes. After insistent search James finally finds Leonard and learns that Leonard is gay, suffers from AIDS, and lives his last days. James remains with him and spends these few days near Leonard. Speaking about the mood left after reading the story, it is a deep impression created by its emotionality and at the same time this emotionality at some moments seems exaggerated not typically for that kind of genre. Nevertheless the style does not allow the story turning into melancholy narrative. Frey writes in short simple sentences, often neglects punctuation and thus creates easy reading that develops fluently. As a result we receive favourably distinguishable prose in the genre of memoir but with flavour of captivating fiction. Reference: Frey James (2005). My Friend Leonard. New York: Riverhead.

300+ Short Story Ideas How to Start Your Story Off Right

300+ Short Story Ideas How to Start Your Story Off Right 300+ Short Story Ideas How to Start Your Story Off Right These short story ideas can mean the difference between sitting at home suffering from writers block and knocking out another storythat could potentially be published.We know it can be hard to summon inspiration. Its elusive and downright impossible to drum up if it doesnt want to be.Weve all been there beforeThats why we put together these completely original, brand new writing prompts for you to use to start your next story short.Here are our short story ideas and how to utilize them effectively:300+ Short Story IdeasHow to start a storyStory structureHow to think of your own story ideasNOTE: Learn how to take one of these story ideas and transform it into your next bestseller through our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereHow to Start a StoryStarting your short story is the most important part.Without being able to hook your readers with a strong introduction, they wont get to enjoy the entirety of the journey through your story.Whether youre writing a sh ort story or looking for your next big book idea, weve got tips to help you start it off right.These are our tips for starting your short story:Shock your readers by writing something they wouldnt expect or something that doesnt quite make sense. This is often done by creating confusion, starting by instilling sympathy for your character, or writing something downright shocking to read.Create sympathy for your character by throwing them in the middle of a struggle. Humans are empathetic beings and making something awful happen right off the bat to an unsuspecting character will help draw intrigue.Avoid info-dumping by beginning your story with action instead of information. If all you do is give your characters entire background (which is indicative that youre now following the rules of showing versus telling), your readers wont be sucked in.If you want to skip down to your story ideas, click right here, otherwise, lets dive into story structure and how to use these ideas effectivel y.Story StructureNo matter how many short stories idea you have, without the right story structure, theyll be nothing more than justideas.Lets go over proper story structure so you can do these story ideas justice.There are 5 key milestones in every novel, and for short stories, there are typically 4 (due to word count and lack of longevity in general).Story Structure Milestone 1 The SetupEvery story needs a setup in which to move from. This is the very beginning of your story.You may decide to use one of these short story ideas and in that case, youll have to construct a catchy and enticing first paragraph/s in order to pull readers in.The difference between writing a novel and writing a short story is the fact that your short story introduction has to be short, snappy, and filled with intrigue.Here are a few ways to write a good story beginning:Start in medias res, which means in the middle. This is in reference to the action and how you start a story. Starting in the middle give s the story a more natural beginning and helps you avoid info-dumping.Introduce a major story element within the first page. This gives your readers a clear idea about what your story will involve. By main element, I mean magic or flying spacecraft or a love interest. You want your readers to know the type of story theyre getting in the opening so they can become more interested in its ending.Make us care about the main character in some way through strong character development. The more your reader can bond with the focus of your story, the more likely it is theyll stick around to find out what happens to them.Story Structure Milestone 2 The Inciting IncidentTheres always one thing that happens in any story or book or even movie that kicks off the chain of events.Your story needs to have an inciting incident as part of its story structure too.For example, the inciting incident in Game of Thrones that kicks off the entire Stark VS Lannister war thats ultimately the reason behind al l the heartache, death, and drama is when Jaime Lannister pushes Bran Stark out of the window. This puts a target on Brans back since he didnt actually die and then he was nearly killed by a hitman with a Lannister blade.That is the inciting incident for both the first book and the whole of the war for the iron throne.Figure out what your (probably smaller) inciting incident is, whether thats a stranger wandering in to your characters classroom or some unknown object smacking your character in the back of the head while they jogged past their favorite, and oddly empty, coffee shop one morning.Story Structure Milestone 3 The SlapWhen writing a novel, there are two of these slaps, the second worse than the first. No matter if youre writing a short story or a full novel, your story will still get a slap.These slaps are critical and harrowing events that halt the progression of your story and make it harder for your character to succeed in whatever it is theyre trying to do.During this slap, your characters world and hope and whatever theyre working toward comes to a standstill as they face this obstacle in their journey.For a short story, this can range from your character losing all the money they had to get home to the death of their loved one. Choose something thats shocking but will still leave your readers with some hope.Story Structure Milestone 4 The ClimaxYou know what the story climax is. Its the point in your story where all the events come to a head with the biggest event in your story.The climax is when your character either succeeds or loses what theyre after.Oftentimes, authors choose this time to provide readers with an unexpected twist. No matter how you decide to write your storys climax, make sure its the highlight of your story.The falling action, otherwise known as the resolution, comes directly after and is how you end your story. (We suggest making sure its satisfying instead of just dropping off the end of the climax)How to Think of Your Own Story IdeasComing up with story ideas can take some time and practice- especially when your imagination has been at a standstill for a long time.In order to come up with your own story ideas, use the what if method. Think of a situation and then ask yourself, what if and fill in the end.For example, your situation may be a character who wants to ditch school.To create your own story idea, ask yourself, What ifthat character ditches school and then runs into their teacher.And then, what ifthat teacher is also playing hooky.This allows you to craft story ideas centering around one main idea with multiple possibilities.Ultimately, coming up with your own story ideas from nothing can be much more difficult than expanding on story ideas someone else has come up with- like us.Here are over 300 story ideas for you to use and write about.300+ Short Story Ideas to Use TodayWrite a story about a new strain of flower and how its scent is intoxicating to humans, but also deadly.Write a stor y about the first stranger you see today.Write about a lizard thats living in your characters walls.Write a story about a city that has hidden from civilized society for thousands of years until an unsuspecting traveler walks right into the heart of it.Write a story from the perspective of a mouse.Write about the worst lie youve ever told.Write a story that starts in a room of windows.Write about a little girl who purposely leaves a backpack of bombs in a local coffee shop.Write a story involving two people from opposite sides of a massive town with a long history of rivalry.Write about another planet that has life just like Earths- everything is exactly the same only there were 1/3 of the Earths population.Write about a chair sitting on the old, broken down front porch.Write a story about a girl walking down the center of the street.Write about apples falling from the sky.Write about the incessant shrill of a morning bird outside the barely cracked window.Write a story involving th ree women and a stolen cane.Write a story that starts with, She was aware of just how much she was making things harder for herself.Write a story about a cold house in the depths of an overpopulated town.Write about two birds and their role in a heist.Write about what its like to be fully submerged in jelly.Write a story that starts with the smell of salt in an open field.Write a story involving a teacher and a 217-year-old child.Write about succulents drying up on a windowsill.Write a story that starts with, And now I actually have to figure out what I did wrong.Write a story about a character who forgets one person in his life every day, though not always the same person.Write about a character who wants nothing more than to learn how to build a house.Write a story involving fish crackers and a rogue lemon.Write a short story about an orphan who can hear whispers.Write a story that starts with, She was filled with the sense that her work here wasnt done just yet.Write about black curtains in a room of white.Write about a new packet of dried fruit sent through the mail.Write a story about a guitar with a unique signature on the inside.Write about bananas and what they mean for a future society.Write about a dog that loses a paw.Write about a nice meal that was had over poison wine.Write a story about one man and the lost scarf.Write a story that starts with, After what seemed like the longest night of his life, he had only one more thing to do.Write about the sun filtering through countless leaves before finding your cheek in the morning.Write a story involving a really strong cup of coffee and the worst churro ever.Write a story that takes place on the middle floor in the middle suite in a 56 story hotel.Write about the rattling your character regularly hears coming from the basement.Write a story involving a song your character knows but doesnt remember.Write a story that starts with, How he waited this long without killing someone was beyond him. But he ma de it throughmostly.Write a story that takes place on a crowded beach in the middle of summer.Write a story about a rooftop bar and an unlikely accident.Write a story involving three roles of tape and a garden hose.Write about flying on an airplane for the first time.Write a story from the perspective of a plant.Write the story of an old baseball cap now bleaching on a headstone.Write a story that begins with an old man tapping his toes.Write about one character who has too much love for pepper.Write a story about a cactus left on the front porch of your characters new house.Write about cascading doubt infiltrating a womans unusually high self-esteem.Write a story involving a camera and a pack of ice.Write about what its like to be the only person who knows the true purpose of life.Write a story that starts with, You never know just how bad things can get until youre waist-deep in the sandpit you used to play in as a child.Write about that one time your character forgot to wear shoe s to school.Write a story about a bookcase floating down a river.Write about what happens when an ex-convict opens an ice cream shop.Write about two flowers smushed on a doorstep.Write a story the begins with your character watching rain flood their dirty streets.Write a story about a single sticky note worn with folds and faded with time.Write about a girl gifted with an award for something she mustve done, but doesnt remember.Write a story using the words trial and reckoning.Write a story that starts with, I knew that mongrel was a problem the second I set eyes on him.Write a story that involves a unique hat, two bottles, and a disgruntled bee.Write about the first person who comes to mind.Write a narrative of your day as if you were in the 1800s.Write a story about how much a soldier misses the taste of honey buttered biscuits.Write about a character who just found out they have a rare disease that makes their skin change colors to match their surroundings.Write about a faraway w orld where humans are not the most intelligent life form.Write a story about six kids on their quest to uncover a hidden lair deep in the forest.Write a story involving a wrench, a flower pot, and two teenagers.Write about what happens when the government puts secret viruses in essential oils in order to dull the minds of its users.Write a story that starts with, What happened to me wasmeant to happen. At least thats what I tell myself.Write about an old womans journey to relocate someone she had a passionate fling with in her younger years.Write about how love can become muddled in difficult families.Write a story involving a rare book and two people fighting over it.Write a story in a world where books are outlawed.Write about a time you thought you would explode with some sort of emotion.Write a story about a character who finds a perfect sketch of themselves for sale in a coffee shop2,000 miles from where they live.Write about a lime tree and its worst predator.Write a story abo ut a dog who wont stop digging at one specific spot.Write about what would happen in a world where children are regarded as the most precious beings to the point of being worshiped.Write about a girl in an ancient society who hears voices in her head that arent her own.Write a story about an antique cash register and a type of money that nobody can place.Write about a life-changing book and its journey through multiple readers and its home on the library shelf.Write a story that beings with, His hand fell from the gash in his eyebrow, red trickling down his hand to do his tattered jeans.Write about a wheelbarrow, a young boy, and a snake hiding in the backyard.Write a story that involves a glass koala.Write about what it means to be fully awake.Write a story about a girl who spends half her night awakeas someone else.Write a story about a man who can see a persons worst day ever whenever he touches them.Write a story that begins with the patter of baby footsteps on the hardwood floo r.Write a story involving a broken car trunk, a DVD, and batteries.Write a story that starts with, They never tell you what its like when your world gets turned upside down.Write about how the sticky note pile on your desk keeps dwindling day after day, without you using it.Write a story about a lie told over breakfast.Write about your life as if you were telling it from a bystanders perspective.Write a story about how you take a bit of an eggroll only to discover a scroll inside.Write a story that begins with a warm breeze blowing off a house thats on fire in the middle of winter.Write about a card game that goes wrong.Write a story from the perspective of an owl flying around a campground at night.Write about a lost bracelet.Write a story about how to find your way back home.Write a story that starts with, His pack was heavy, no doubt about that with what he hid inside.Write a story like you were the only person left in an amusement park at night.Write about a time when your frien ds made you feel betrayed for the first time.Write about a journey to discover what happens when you reach the bottom of a waterfall.Write about the lives of two hamsters as they squeeze out of their cage.Write a story from the perspective of yourself as a 3-year-old.Write about a story that begins with a bird flying through a window.Write a story about a character who cant stop lying to those closest to them.Write about a brand new couch found sitting in the middle of a back country road.Write a story about what was found beneath a palm tree during a beach party.Write about a bathtub and a drawing pad.Write a story about how a character finds a message in the bottom of their coffee cup.Write a story about what would happen if food manufacturing companies shut down.Write a story that starts with, That oil spill was the least of his problems.Write about a character who discovers why nobody can find a cure for cancer.Write a story detailing the process of creating a bouquet from homeg rown florals.Write about a high school graduation that gets a major surprise.Write a story involving a rare coin and two thieves fighting over it.Write about climbing a tree for the first time.Write a story involving a water spigot and a nest of baby bunnies.Write about a secret room beneath an open field.Write a story about a character who discovers their parents hidden library.Write a story involving a notepad, a flashlight, and a goat.Write a story about holding your breath.Write about what happens at night inside the small towns antique shop.Write a story about a character who lives in a future society thats struggling to produce enough food.Write about a secret governments method of population control.Write a story about a writer who gets their ideas from the remnants of dreams.Write a story that starts with, In any other time, what she did would be considered heroic.Write about how dropping their ice cream as a little boy changed your main character completely.Write a story in which two people argue about who has the worse sleeping problems.Write about a psychic who wants nothing more than to be believed in a world that shuns psychics.Write a story that begins with the sound of raindrops on a tin can.Write about flooding in a society that hasnt seen good rain in years.Write about what it would be like to lose every possession you own.Write a story about the struggles of being born with purple hair in a world where color is frowned upon.Write about the smell of banana bread and coffee as your character skips downstairs for breakfast.Write about what its like to live in a small shed thats half buried from before the sickness took nearly half the population.Write a story that begins with, She scuttled backward, shoving herself against the wall, sweat bleeding through her torn shirt. Its worth it.Write about a time your character slipped and broke an arm outside a donut shop.Write about a reserved, creepy EMT who draws your characters blood for seemingly no reason.Write about someone whos afraid to feel the wind.Write a story that starts with car tires crunching over an abandoned road.Write a story about a haunted barn.Write a story involving an air freshener, a trailer, and a basketball.Write a story about what happens in a small town surrounded by militant forces.Write about a character whos never read a book, lost in a library.Write a story that involves seashells and a stolen ring.Write a story that starts with, Her hair was parted on the right side.Write about a journal that made everything written in it come to life.Write about an old woman who spends her whole days gardening.Write about a time when you forgot something very important.Write about a whale and a little girls toy boat.Write a story using the words exposure and calamity.Write a one-sentence story using the word charcuterie.Write a story about an underdeveloped society learning that their government is listening in on them daily.Write about a string and a broken cello .Write a story involving a bar stool and a farm.Write about what it would be like to step foot on another planet for the first time.Write about a parade from the perspective of a child.Write a short story centering around a little boys trip to the emergency room in the back of an ambulance.Write a story about how wine is made.Write a story about the intricacies of writing a poem.Write about a character who was born in an open field, and spent the next seventeen years- his whole life- never crossing the forest line beyond the field.Write a story about the places a woman keeps finding sand after her recent (and very brief) trip to the ocean.Write a story that centers around a song and its dire meaning to a certain civilization.Write a story about a young girls quest to write a book.Write about a time when your character accidentally slipped up in a big lie.Write a story that starts with, It wouldnt be long now. She knew she deserved what was about to happen.Write about a story revolvi ng around a single family in a small town that nobody ever knows anything about.Write a story that mentions the words hacksaw and blueberry candle.Write about what would happen if one day, all your books started disappearing.Write a story about a new facial spa treatment of the future.Write a story based in a far away society where fire is worshipped.Write about a world where animals are sacred and killing anything, be it plant or animal, is punishable to the extreme.Write about what it looks like when one guy follows his dream of becoming an ice cream truck owner.Write a story about a dandelion flying through the air.Write about the next greatest discovery in human history.Write a story about the last time you embarrassed yourself.Write a story that starts with your character on a pier, barely noticing the person whos been following them for miles.Write about how the last book you read made you feel.Write about a young boys fascination with trees.Write about a girl moving to a new city for the first time.Write a love story about two trees in your neighbors backyard.Write a story that begins with, The street was long and dark.Write a story that includes a rummage sale, an old book, and hot sauce.Write a book about finding your inner peace while backpacking in a forest.Write about a fantasy world where magic- and your ability to control it- is a currency.Write about the best sandwich shop and its secret.Write a story about sand whipping at your shins.Write a story centering around a playground with a hidden entrance.Write a story that begins on a warm spring night with a girl frantically brushing spider webs out of her hair.Write about flowers that only bloom at midnight on the tenth day of the month.Write a story about a dog and its friend, a mouse.Write a story that uses the words happening, case studies, and sunglasses.Write about how it feels to stub your toe, but from the perspective of the couch it was stubbed on.Write about a wedding in a field of daisie s.Write about a dropped popsicle on the hottest day of summer.Write a story about what its like to interview people for a living.Write a story involving an empty picture frame, a lone guitar pick, and applesauce.Write a story about a character who cant help but sneeze whenever they so much as see a cookie.Write a short story from the perspective of a therapist after a long day of sessions.Write a story that starts with, That front porch needed fixing, alright.Write about a special lamp purchased at a garage sale.Write a story featuring a goofy cat, its toy mouse, and a real mouse.Write a story about the adverse effects of a full moon on a certain, interesting, family.Write a story involving two antique lamps being stolen from an old widows home.Write a story that begins with a tree flickering in the inconsistent breeze.Write about a dog who lost its eyesight.Write about what its like to go through the hardship of losing your most prized possession.Write a story from the perspective of a bird flying over a beach.Write a story that starts with, When it was all over, she would be doneat least thats what she kept telling herself.Write about a cactus found growing in the middle of a forest.Write about a great tyrant battling their inner demons.Write a story that involves a dragon, mist, and a canopy.Write about why one woman is walking downtown in a snowman costume.Write a story that uses the words influence, haberdashery, and walnut.Write a story about the last dream you had.Write about what its like to paddle out far from the shore on a surfboard.Write a story in which two people who have never met go to the exact same places in the exact same order.Write a story about a world where lying causes uncontrollable hives to sprout on your body.Write a story from the perspective of a ghost at a funeral.Write about what its like to ride the subway for the first time.Write about a foreign visitor and a runaway hat.Write a story that starts with, How would things be any different if she stopped herself?Write about the beach and a seemingly neverending hole in the sand.Write a story that begins with a character whos running their hands along a wall looking for the light switch.Write a story from the perspective of a child running through an ancient castle.Write about a future society where privacy is no more a standard human right.Write a story where children are being born as prodigies- all of them.Write about a time where your character lost their cool at the most inopportune time.Write a story detailing why one man can make the perfect loaf of bread.Write a story that begins with, She wasnt a hard woman to work with. She was justa unique person to work with.Write about what would happen if the internet went down for one week.Write a story that involves a baseball bat, honey, and a board game.Write about a man who owns a very small, very intricate brewery.Write a story about a future civilization thats on the hunt to discover why the human populat ion dropped by 1/3 over a thousand years prior.Write a story about how one detective solved a mystery by using Instagram.Write about the next greatest invention of our generation.Write a story featuring a sprinkler, a trampoline, and a toothpick.Write about a trailer thats been sitting in the same spot in the woods for years and has finally been opened.Write a story about a time capsule being uncovered in a small town and the very interesting and alarming object inside.Write a story about what would happen if one day, you realize that everyone in your life is in on something major except for you.Write a romance story that opens with a woman rapidly throwing apples at the bread aisle in a grocery store.Write a short story about what happens when humans have their identification information embedded on a chip in their arm.Write a story about a stranger on the bus who has a very intricate burn scar on their forearm.Write a story that starts with, It started with a headache.Write about what would happen if humans were suddenly able to manipulate time, but only if they store enough of it by not sleeping.Write a short story detailing how one mom broke out of jail.Write a mystery short story about what happened with a lamp and a missing tooth.Write a story about a born-and-raised spy who snuck out and went downtown for the first time in her life.Write a story that shows us why government and rules are so necessary in society.Write a story about an overgrown apple tree.Write about how long it takes to make a real change in your life.Write about one childs dream of becoming a bestselling author.Write a short story that starts with an argument between a man and his pet fish.Write a story about a box of photos and the secrets they contain.Write a story that starts with, I remember running. Just running.Write about a single patch of vibrant, thriving green grass in the middle of a desert.Write a one-page story about why a woman is repeatedly washing an old teacup.Write a romance about two old friends after theyve been married, divorced, and moved back home.Write a story that opens with the sound of clanking boots on metal grates.Write a story about why one man always smells cinnamon wherever he goes.Write about what happens when one caregiver gets sick and the children have to take care of her.Write a story that starts with, The man couldn’t give clear instructions if his life depended on it. Write about a suspicious email sent to your character detailing specifics about their life no stranger would know. Write about a black and white painting of a single flower.Write a story about creating a sculpture with a special, specific meaning.Write about a pool and the missing bottom tile.Write a story involving a toothbrush, a map, and a used sock.Write a short story about twins caught trying to pull off a con.Write about the long summers impact on an already overheated world.Write about what its like to jump out of a plane and have your parachute m alfunction.Write a story that ends with a canoe tipped over in the river.Write a short story that starts with, The buzz of midday summer heat sang across the backyard.Write about a blogger who inadvertently uncovers something major in their research.Write about a two-tailed lion at the circus.Write a story about a woman you see walking down the street with swollen, bruised knuckles.Write a story that includes a new song.Write a story that starts with two girls skipping down a street.Write about a dying tree, a hammock, and a blow-up pool.Write a story that starts with, For the sake of her own self-worth, she had to swipe that mans keys.Write a short story that ends with a Viking discovering a hidden civilization.Write a story about a brand new religion in a small community.Write a story about a new virtual reality game that makes users never want to leave.Write a story about a type of plant that gives a person special abilities when they eat it.Write a story about loneliness and wha t it truly means.Write about the tale of a dragonfly in a storm.Write a story that starts with, He crinkled the paper and shoved it aside.Write about a magical woman whos only goal is to make the lives of those in her town the best they can be.Write a story involving a pot of boiling water, a tree branch, and an old chair.Write about a diseased community seeking aid from the healthy, who are adamant on pushing them away.Write about the war your character was in and why they decided to switch sides.Write a story about how the new plan on your desk wont stop growing.Write a story about a dad who just wants to get his daughters attention.Write a story that starts with, What was left of that place had nothing to do with her.Write a short story that ends with a single note left on the counter.Write about hamburgers, a short man, and two cars.Write a story about what happens when one mystical being reads every book thats ever been published.Write a story about a young woman at the bar.Wri te a story about your greatest dream.Ready to Turn your Story into More? (Hint: Yes, you are!)Make sure to check out your FREE training to learn what it takes to turn your story idea into something worth publishing.

MLK - I have a Dream essays

MLK - I have a Dream essays Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream delivers a powerful message driven by dreams of brotherhood and equality. The speech not only appeals to the same dreams shared by his listeners but also to their sense of reason and understanding that their goal is to right and undeniable wrong. Through different analogies and historical references, Dr. King is able to create a stirring and emotional speech sure to bring out the best in all who listen to it. King goes to great lengths to draw valid comparisons between the Negros plight and, of all things, banking. By doing this, Dr. King is able to simplify what could be construed as a complex argument into the basic process of cash(ing) a check. However, in the Kings speech, the person giving out the check is America and, much to his and the Negro peoples discontent, the check is being returned for insufficient funds. King believes that once the check can be cashed, the Negro people will be able to demand the riches of freedom and security of justice. King continues to make more analogies when he begins to draw comparisons between freedom and nature. King believes that that black people should rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. This is an appeal to those not in the fight to rise up and begin demanding justice. No one should have to live their lives in a desolate valley but rather should escape the quicksands of racial injustice and climb the solid rock of brotherhood. King even goes on to describe the racial climate as a sweltering summer which will not pass to autumn until freedom and equality are there for all to share. This can be seen as a warning to the movements opposition that, yes, the Negro people are infuriated and will fight, though peacefully, until justice has rained down acros...

How to Write a Claim Letter for a Business

How to Write a Claim Letter for a Business Claim letters are used to make claims due to unsatisfactory work or products by companies that have contracted another party to complete work. For example, if a company outsources production of a part required for a final product and is unsatisfied with the contractors work, that company will write a claim letter to demand superior products. As such, claim letters have a very formal and serious tone. Use the suggested  phrases  and model letter below to model claim letters for use in your own business activities. The following letters make claims against unsatisfactory work. You can find different types of business letters and the guide to further refine your business English letter writing skills. Useful Key Phrases As someone who has worked with ...we were very disappointed to find/see/have discovered ...As our written agreement stipulated, we expected ...I think you will agree that a communication problem exists.We would like you to ...  or provide us with a refund. Example Letter Drivers Co.3489 Greene Ave.Olympia, WA 98502August 17, 2001 Richard Brown, PresidentDocument MakersSalem, MA 34588 Dear Mr. Brown: As someone who has worked with your company for over 3 years, we were very disappointed to see the documents you produced for our latest Drivers Co. publicity campaign. As our written agreement stipulated, we expected full-color leaflets with fancy explanatory texts, but instead, we found that black and white photos had been included in the prepared leaflets. I think you will agree that a communication problem exists. We would like you to send out a photographer to provide us with the promised color coverage  or provide us with a refund. Yours truly, (signature here) Thomas R. Smith,Director TRS/lj For further types of business letters, use this guide to different types of business letters to refine your skills for specific business purposes such as making inquiries, adjusting claims, writing cover letters, and more.

Shortage of Nurses in the United States Research Paper

Shortage of Nurses in the United States - Research Paper Example Shortage of Nurses in the United States It is evident that the U.S. faces and is still facing a looming shortage of registered nurses within its healthcare centers. However, more effort needs to be established, especially by the government to ensure this problem ceases. Inside medical facilities such as nursing homes, rehabilitation facilities and schools among others, they play vital roles that ensures smooth daily running of such facilities. Failure to provide their services would lead to unimaginable adversity. For any medical facility to prevail, therefore, it is necessary that there be nurses, more than enough to carry out efficiently the duties delegated upon them. Despite the importance of nurses in medical facilities, the U.S healthcare facilities are facing a scarcity of nurses. The shortage level is on the rise annually and both long term and short-term solutions need to be addressed. This paper seeks to explore the existing shortage of nurses in the U.S. It analyses causes of such effects, then concludes by givi ng a summary of the research and the recommendations that might help solve the problem. Background In the 19th century when nursing was in its early stages in the US, icons like Florence Nightingale facilitated the nursing movement to help alleviate the serious deficiency of nurses that threatened healthcare staff and patients. The deficiency is still present to date, as can be witnessed in the past ten years where several U.S. healthcare facilities are facing acute shortage of nurses, a clear indication that the output of nurses is not meeting demand from the growing population. The shortage situation Although healthcare facilities in the U.S. are facing a deficiency of nurses, a situation that can compromise the quality of services offered in these facilities, many students are being denied admission into nursing schools. The resultant deficit has attracted the White House and political elite’s attention as the need to import foreign staff intensifies. Lois Capps, a Democra t U.S. Representative and a former nurse was quoted saying, â€Å"Nurses deliver healthcare† and that there cannot be meaningful healthcare with the deficit of nurses. The American Association of College of Nursing issued a report that 116,000 positions of registered nurses in U.S. healthcare facilities are vacant while 100,000 jobs remain unoccupied in nursing homes. The deficiency is anticipated to deteriorate, as the numbers of the elderly is on the rise hence need for more nurses. According to Robert Wood, a staff at the Association, "The nursing shortage is not driven by a lack of interest in nursing careers. In 2008, over 50,000 competent applicants were denied admission into nursing programs, including 6000 who applied for postgraduate of doctorate levels (Dunham, 2009, p.3). In ‘The Future of Nursing’ released in 2010, the Institute of Medicine called for an increment of baccalaureate-prepared nurses and nurses with doctorate degrees as the current levels of this staff stands at 50% instead of over 80%. The Health Resources and Services Administration in April 2006 projected that the deficiency of nurses nationwide would increase by 2020 to over a million nurses. In the report, ‘What is Behind HRSA’s Projected Supply, Demand and Shortage of Registered Nurses?’ all states in the U.S. will witness the deficiency. Currently, over 30 states are facing a shortage, as there are no nurses to fill in the positions. In a statement published by Journal of the American Medical Association in November 26, 2008, Dr. Peter Buerhaus, a professor of nursing was quoted saying

Auditing and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Auditing and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example lient. Loebbecke, A., (2000) mentioned that a self-review threat occurs when any product or judgment of a previous assurance engagement or non-assurance engagement needs to be re-evaluated in reaching conclusions on the assurance engagement. When a member or member of the assurance team was previously a director or officer of the assurance client or was an employee would be in a position to exert direct and significant influence over the subject matter of an assurance engagement. Examples of circumstances that may create this threat include, but are not limited to: a member or member of the assurance team being, or having recently been, a member or member of the assurance team being, or having recently been, performing services for an assurance client that directly affect the subject matter of the assurance engagement. Mintz S. M. ... Examples of circumstances that may create this threat include, but are not limited to: dealing in, or being a promoter of, shares or other securities of an assurance client; and acting as an advocate on behalf of an assurance client in litigation or in resolving disputes with third parties. Hayes, R., Dassen R., et al (2005) also noted that a familiarity threat occurs when, by virtue of a close relationship with an assurance client, its directors, officers or employees, a member, firm or member of the assurance team becomes too sympathetic to the client's interests. Examples of circumstances that may create this threat include, but are not limited to: a member or member of the assurance team having an immediate family member or close relative who is a director member of the assurance team having an immediate family member or close relative who, a former partner of the firm being a director or officer of the assurance client or an employee in a position to exert direct and significant influence over the subject matter of the assurance engagement, and acceptance of gifts or hospitality, unless the value is clearly insignificant, from the assurance client, its directors, officers or employees. An intimidation threat occurs when a member or member of the assurance team may be deterred from acting objectively and exercising professional skepticisms by threats, actual or perceived, from the directors, officers or employees of an assurance client. Examples of circumstances that may create this threat include but are not limited to: threat of replacement due to a disagreement with the application of an accounting principle; and pressure to reduce inappropriately the extent of work performed in order to

How is this artefact the product of a particular historical and Essay - 1

How is this artefact the product of a particular historical and cultural environment - Essay Example In addition to that, in order to focus the analysis, the research will examine a pair of jeans that is in possession of the author. To begin with, it may be suitable to perform a preliminary analysis. Thus, one should point out that one of the main characteristic features of jeans is the peculiar kind of fabric that it is made of. The actual cloth that is used in production is called denim and is different from regular fabric in structure as feature an unusual combination of warp and weft (Chauncey 5). In addition to that there are metal rivets that are thought to reinforce the pockets so that they could carry more. Finally, there a special kind of thread that is used for the seams. The jeans that were the direct object of investigation are made by Gap. Keeping in mind that this company largely uses factories that are located on the island of Saipan, it would not be an exaggeration to point out that the pair of jeans in question was produced on that island (Bendix 5). It may be rather difficult to identity the time when this artefact was manufactured as there is no date indicated on the cloth. However, there may be a way to define the approximate time. Considering the fashion of the jeans, one might conclude that the pair in question was made in 2012. Speaking of the processes that were used in its production, one might speculate that they were made by hands of the hired workers. In order to gain a better understanding of the artefact one may also consider the reason why it was made. Leading aside different speculations about the possible cultural meaning and the shifting paradigm of clothes, one may point out that jeans have become the most popular casual clothes in the world (Cunningham 31). This means that people who come from different cultural backgrounds may be willing to buy a pair of jeans in order to wear it on a daily basis. That is why the

World history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World history - Essay Example The Germans were not happy with Theodore Roosevelt and were the first to say they would go to war. The other cause of the war was the assassination of an Austria-Hungary president. Serbia was not happy with the Austria-Hungarian rule (Class Notes). Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria Hungry by a Serbian nationalists led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on all Serbian nationals. Countries that supported either Serbia or Austria-Hungary also went to war (Ross 27). The other cause of World War I was nationalism. As mentioned earlier, there are countries that supported Serbia and Austria-Hungary when they were at war. Russia defended Serbia to strengthen their alliance. In addition, Russia also called France to support them against Austria-Hungary (Class Notes). Germany saw that Russia was mobilizing and declared war on Russia. Germany also decided to support Austria-Hungary against the Serbia. Lastly, the other cause of world war one was militarism (Ross 24). In 1900s, countries such as Germany and Great Britain had a lot of military buildup. In addition, the two countries also increased their navies during this time in preparation for war. Russia also joined the two in its military buildup. The increase of militarism between all these countries which has access to powerful weapons contributed to the start of world war one. Unlike the First World War, the second was as a result of long-term and short-term causes. One of the long-term causes of the war was that the League of Nations was not able to deal with some of the main international issues which were causing conflicts. The League of Nations was an international organization created after the First World War to deal with international conflicts. For example, the conflict between Abyssinia and Manchuria was not under control because the league showed it was not able to deal with the two powers (Class Notes). The other long term cause was the anger that was felt all

Counselor Interveiw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counselor Interveiw - Essay Example The profession of talk show host in some way was related to his next profession because he thought about working on a crisis hotline. He thought that might be an interesting career. This is where he first recognized his passion for counseling and decided to make a career out of it. Jim mentioned that he had worked at many agencies and learned to totally appreciation Family and Community Services (F&C). He mentioned that if this was an individuals first job, they may not appreciate how good a job this one is; he did because he had so many jobs he did not like. In some of the agencies he worked at he was under a lot of stress because he was always trying to make quotas as part of the job. He likes F&C because it has such a relaxed atmosphere that he loves coming to work. At this agency they do not have to worry about quotas because they are a non-profit agency and rely more on grants than the number of patients that come through the door. He feels he is able to really focus on the clients now which is what he has always wanted to do. Jim gave me a small description of the various parts of his job. He does eerythign from paper work to working in the court system. He seemed proud of the fact that he is on a first name basis with the judges in Kent, OH. The F&C is responsible for a variety of programs. In addition to his other duties, Jim runs a 26 week Domestic Violence program for individuals who have committed domestic violence and have been sent through the court system. He also conducts a weekend Alcoholics Anonymous class for DUI offenders. His counseling duties take him into individual sessions with men and women who experience PTSD due to sexual assault. Jims agency also runs a homeless center for veterans and three community centers. In addition to Jim, the agency has three other counselors. There are group, couple, family and individual counseling for children, adolescents

Alternative explaination for any one of the follow technological Essay

Alternative explaination for any one of the follow technological failures - Essay Example Swissair 111’s electrical catastrophe â€Å"involved the wiring in the entertainment system located near the cockpit† (Scarry, p.1). However, military submarines and planes close by are believed to have generated electromagnetic transmissions that impacted the Swissair flight. The purpose of this paper is to select an alternative method of explaining technological failure. Thus, how Charles Perrow’s theory of normal accidents explaining the Three Mile Island Disaster can be used to explain the Swissair 111 accident which took place on the 2nd of September, 1998 will be examined. It will be investigated how according to Perrow’s theory failures interact with each other, and the tight coupling of the elements of the advanced technological system further multiply the chances of disasters taking place on unprecedented scales. It will be seen that instead of providing an alternative explanation, Perrow’s theory basically enhances one’s understanding of the technological failure of Swissair 111, explaining the reason for the crash to take place, as an inevitable or ‘normal’ accident. Apart from the original theory of electromagnetic interference that caused the crash of Swissair 111, Perrow’s theory of normal accidents that explains the Three Mile Island Disaster can be used for elucidating the Swissair accident. According to Perrow, when system characteristics have interactive complexity and tight coupling, the result will be an inevitable system accident or normal accident. â€Å"The odd term ‘normal accident’ is meant to signal that, given the system characteristics, multiple and unexpected interactions of failures are inevitable† (Perrow, p.5). This inevitability of failure is inherent to the system. Although system accidents are uncommon, they can produce catastrophes. The characteristics of the system make it innately vulnerable to accidents, hence the accidents are described as ‘normal’. Thus, the complexity of the

Counselor Interveiw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counselor Interveiw - Essay Example The profession of talk show host in some way was related to his next profession because he thought about working on a crisis hotline. He thought that might be an interesting career. This is where he first recognized his passion for counseling and decided to make a career out of it. Jim mentioned that he had worked at many agencies and learned to totally appreciation Family and Community Services (F&C). He mentioned that if this was an individuals first job, they may not appreciate how good a job this one is; he did because he had so many jobs he did not like. In some of the agencies he worked at he was under a lot of stress because he was always trying to make quotas as part of the job. He likes F&C because it has such a relaxed atmosphere that he loves coming to work. At this agency they do not have to worry about quotas because they are a non-profit agency and rely more on grants than the number of patients that come through the door. He feels he is able to really focus on the clients now which is what he has always wanted to do. Jim gave me a small description of the various parts of his job. He does eerythign from paper work to working in the court system. He seemed proud of the fact that he is on a first name basis with the judges in Kent, OH. The F&C is responsible for a variety of programs. In addition to his other duties, Jim runs a 26 week Domestic Violence program for individuals who have committed domestic violence and have been sent through the court system. He also conducts a weekend Alcoholics Anonymous class for DUI offenders. His counseling duties take him into individual sessions with men and women who experience PTSD due to sexual assault. Jims agency also runs a homeless center for veterans and three community centers. In addition to Jim, the agency has three other counselors. There are group, couple, family and individual counseling for children, adolescents

Cause of Extinction - Global Warming Research Paper

Cause of Extinction - Global Warming - Research Paper Example Many of the species have become extinct so far. These include animals as well as plants. There are various reasons for extinction. The word extinction is used to describe a situation when the last living member of any species dies. This is a kind of situation where there is no other member of that lives in the planet. In other sense the particular species becomes obsolete. This is the situation where the concerned species is called â€Å"extinct†. Functional extinction of a species happens when only few members of that species survive but they are completely unable to reproduce due to many biotic reasons, such as age, poor health etc. There are various reasons behind extinction of any species. Most of those reasons are natural reasons, which are beyond any human control. But many of those reasons include direct or indirect human intervention into the natural system. The extinction of Dinosaur was entirely due to the natural reasons. Many of the big species became extinction du e to unexpected natural phenomena. All of those phenomena were beyond human control. Recently most of the species are getting extinct also because of the natural reasons, but those phenomena have direct or indirect human intervention into the society. ... Again these species are becoming extinct because of some other factors also. Human beings are getting much more conscious about their current direct consumption of natural resource. To accomplish this, they are degrading the nature in a way that is creating threats to those species. This phenomenon is also directly or indirectly affecting the ecology of the planet the earth. And those are again directly or indirectly affecting the lives of those species and also the lives of humans (Sodhi, Bradshaw, & Brook, 514). But among all these reasons global warming is a key factor causing the extinction of different species around the whole world. Global Warming and Extinction: Global Warming or the problem of global climate change is the most important reasons for extinction of many of the known species around the whole world. These two reasons are basically interrelated. A recent study suggests that by 2050 almost 37% of well-known plants and animal species will be extinct (Climate Change H eadlines from 2000 to 2009). The human-intervened global warming has caused the first known mammal in 2008. In some of the parts of the world, such as northern Queensland, many of the species cannot survive because the temperature has gone up to 30  Ã‚ °C (Climate Change Headlines from 2000 to 2009). This kind of scenario is also the same in the northern regions and in other southern regions of the world. One of the most fascinating studies reveals that before 2100 there will be complete human extinction. And again the reason is global warming and the world climate change. In that time, the temperature of the world will be 29  °F or 16  °C and in the atmosphere the carbon dioxide levels will reach to a

Strategies for Reform in Kenya: Development of Equality

Strategies for Reform in Kenya: Development of Equality STUDENT: CHRIS MUGO NDIRANGU REG.NO: 1021356 Question Reform agenda in Kenya, committees, parties involved and previous practices INTRODUCTION Reforms are about bringing positive change in any country or administration. It’s about becoming better through the removal of false and error or by correcting malpractice, especially of a moral and social kind. Reforms are about enhancing value and qualities. In Kenya various reforms have been initiated particularly with the adoption of a new constitution in 2010. Various committees and parties have been involved in the reform agenda. The following then are some of the reforms initiated in Kenya. Measures to Curb Corruption According to Transparency International corruption index of 2013 Kenya ranked number 136 out of 177 in the world. This indicates the high level of corruption in the country. Indeed corruption is endemic to Kenya. It has contributed to wastage and misuse of national resources. Thus the new constitution has a number of provisions to allow for stronger checks and balances to curb corruption. Generally the constitution ensures the supremacy of parliament where parliament scrutinizes the executive to ensure it does not abuse its mandate and also scrutinizing state finances. This ensures no wastage or loss of funds occurs through corruption. Other than parliament the constitution provides for a commission that will work to curb corruption in government. The establishment of this commission is key in Kenya’s reform agenda. The Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) has since been established and given the following functions under the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Act, 2011. Some of the functions include: Ensure compliance with, and enforcement of, the provisions of the Constitution in relation to ethics, integrity and anti-corruption Develop and promote standards and best practices in ethics, integrity and anti-corruption Receive complaints on allegations of breach of the ethical principles or code of conduct by a public officer Investigate and prosecute any acts of corruption Recommend appropriate action to be taken against public officers alleged to have engaged in unethical conduct Develop a comprehensive national strategy to combat corruption and economic crime Promote ethics and ethical conduct among public officers, the private sector and the public in general. Decentralization of Government This arguably is the biggest reform initiated by the constitution. This is the ceding of power and autonomy by national governments to the counties. The constitution devolves power closer to the people at the grassroots. This diffuses political power and avoids on group or ethnic community from dominating the country by winning national elections throughout. Thus preventing political violence as witnessed in the 2007/2008. The constitutions allows for the following: Establishment of counties that replace the previous administrative units of provinces and districts. Creation of 47 counties where each county has an executive committee led by a governor and a deputy governor elected for a maximum of two terms Creation of county assemblies composed of elected members. Devolution of health services, infrastructure among other functions from the national government to the county government. The county governments are also empowered to impose levies and permit fees to support its development needs. The reform agenda of devolution or decentralization of the Government is intended to achieve the following political, social and economic goals by: Enhancing the principles of democracy Bringing power closer to the people and increase public participation in policy-making Enable greater responsiveness to the needs and opportunities for people at the grassroots level Establish new hubs of economic growth away from the capital city Promote equitable development across the country In ensuring smooth transition of national government functions to county government a County Transitional Authority has been formed under the Transition to Devolved Government Act, 2011. The main function of the authority shall be to facilitate a coordinated transition to county governments. Other functions include: Facilitate comprehensive and effective transfer as provided for under the constitution Oversee transfer of assets, liabilities and staff of national governments and local authorities to county governments Carry out an audit of the existing assets and infrastructure of the national government and local authorities with respect to devolved functions Develop and implement training programmes for county government staff Resolve disputes over transition issues between the nation and land county governments Women rights and marginalised groups This is one of the major issues in Kenya’s reform agenda over the past decade. Women rights groups and marginalised groups have pushed for reforms that would allow for greater participation and recognition in the running of affairs in the country. This is especially in government political sphere. The major reforms regarding women are entrenched in the new constitution. According to (Mugambi, 2010) the purpose of these constitutional gains on the side of women are to preserve their dignity and to promote social justice. The constitution ; ensures that women are able to pass on citizenship to their children regardless of whether they are married to Kenyans or not, eliminates gender discrimination in relation to land and property. The greatest provision in relation to women and of major significance is that the constitution provides that a one third requirement for either gender in elective bodies. This translates to women occupying at least 1/3 in elective institutions. This rule has a major shortcoming as citizens cannot be forced to elect women in order to achieve the gender threshold. The constitution also provides for the election of women representatives for each county who shall sit in parliament. Marginalised groups have also benefitted from the reforms being initiated in government. These marginalised groups include youth, marginalised communities and the disabled. The constitution provides that for the nomination of members of this group into parliament and county assemblies. The youth have also benefitted from the creation of funds that will enable them to set up businesses and earn income. An example of this is the creation of the Uwezo fund. The government has also formulated a policy of awarding contracts and tenders to youth groups and women. The policy states that 30% of the contracts and tenders shall be awarded to women and the youth. Performance Contracting The Kenyan government has been characterized with long bureaucratic procedures, inefficiency, lack of accountability which translates to high levels of corruption and wastage of resources. This results into poor economic performance. The government has however been adopting measures to change the common bad practices. This government hopes will change the perception and attitude towards government in service delivery. The government has thus initiated reforms in the public sector to gain public confidence both locally and internationally. Key to this reforms is performance contracting. Performance contracting is a mechanism under the public sector reforms that aims at improving performance of the Public sector through setting clear objectives. It involves setting simple, measurable, accurate, realistic and time-bound targets. Specifying agent performance in terms of results and assigning accountability for those results, increasing transparency and accountability in public institutions, establishing clear reporting, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms of the projects. Performance contracting is done on a quarterly basis. At the end of every quarter, government institutions submit their quarterly reports and finally annual report to relevant agency. Feedbacks then are sent to the government institutions for improvements. The first procedure in performance contracting process is target formulation. The government institution sets targets based on the following indicators; financial, service delivery, non-financial, operational and dynamics. A work-plan/ implementation schedule based on its departmental plans is formulated. The plan indicates with activities hoped to be accomplished in the contract year. The second procedure is Negotiations. The targets set are negotiated on the basis of available resources, time frame and relevancy to existing policy documents. The third is vetting. The targets in this stage are looked at again. The fourth stage is signing. The contract is signed by the relevant heads of the institution and the monitoring agency. This shows commitment by both parties towards the attainment of the set targets. The fifth stage is implementation. The government institutions implement their agreed contracts and work towards achieving the set targets within the specified time frame. The si xth and final stage is reporting. The reporting is done on a quarterly basis which culminates in an annual report to the relevant reporting authorities. Performance contracting is important because of the following reasons; Helps in fast tracking existing plans in a government institution and a countries strategic plan example Kenya’s vision 2030 Proper coordination of projects is achieved through the development of intense monitoring and evaluation system so as to achieve the set target Setting of higher targets in every contract period leads to improvement in efficiency. Public servants have the opportunity to be recognised thus motivates them to perform Performance contracting has led to the emergence of a competitive Public Service which enhances their growth and development. REFERENCES Mugambi, M. (2010, March 28). Constitutional Gains for Kenyan Women. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from Academia.edu: www.academia.edu Constitution of Kenya.2010 Ethics and Anti-Corruption Act, 2011. Transition to Devolved Government Act, 2011.

Definition Essay - Defining Art -- Expository Definition Essays

Definition Essay – Defining Art What is art? Art and perception are deeply interrelated, since our ability to experience and comprehend artistic works is strongly biased by our own perceptions. Accordingly, any definition of art should emphasize the importance of perception in creating and experiencing art. Yet, each person has his or her own opinion of every artistic work, biased by his or her own perceptions, causing each person to define art as a whole in his or her own subjective manner. Hence, in my opinion it is impossible to create an objective definition of art, if art is something that each person perceives and experiences in a wholly subjective manner. In my view, art is the representation and transmission of thought. It is the representation of the thoughts or experiences of an artist, created to transmit and subsequently evoke the same thoughts or experiences vicariously in an audience, via the artist’s creation. I believe art is based on the fact that people, through their own perceptions, can experience the same thoughts or feelings as the artist. I...

Personal Narrative - Our Marriage Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Our Marriage Our official journey began on August 2, 1997 in Las Vegas. That was our wedding day and my official entry into married life. Tim and I said, ?I do? in Clark County, Nevada. The clerk declared us 'best friends for life' in a ceremony with just the two of us. That declaration was more profound and welcomed than one any priest could have made. Our wedding cost a total of seventy-two dollars, this included the license and ceremony. I should also include the cost of what I call 'our wedding planner.' His name was Jake and he was a taxi driver, he charged us fifteen dollars and we tipped him fifteen for his extra duties, it was a special day. When we arrived in Las Vegas from Boulder our car started to over heat from the long drive through the hot desert. We decided to park it at the hotel. We hailed a cab and set off to find a place to get married. We had a deadline; our honeymoon was scheduled to begin the next day. The cab driver drove us past several different chapels giving us details about each one. After a brief survey of chapels we asked him to drop us off at the justice of the peace. The chapels just seemed too cheesy and besides, I had no real affection for Elvis. He dropped us off in front of a large, very official looking building to get the license and he directed us across the street to a small brick office wher e the ceremonies are held. I had the distinct feeling that he has provided this service a few times before in his career. I soon found myself waiting in line behind a frail elderly man with a huge smile on his face; he stood next to a young girl, she looked equally happy. The man wore a red velvet jacket and the girl wore a shimmering red dress with spaghetti straps. It was a dress that would... ...ming with life. The smell of the flowers was intense and enlivening. The breeze that was not restricted by car windows, the heat that was not reflected by a rooftop or eradicated by air conditioning, the rain that was not repelled by anything more than my poncho, I was one with all of it. As I biked past, I moo'd as loud as I could at the cows in the fields and felt happy doing it. I even occasionally rode in the van when I was tired. Today I question my fears before I give into them. The questioning usually results in nothing that I can rely on as a concrete reason for forgoing an experience. The way we chose to get married, I had up to the last minute to change my mind. No wedding guests, invitations, seating arrangements, flowers, or caterers. Today seven and a half years later, I can say my marriage is the thing that has brought me the most joy in my life.

“Forgiving my father” by Lucille Clifton Essay

As a person treads through life, he or she will realize at one point or another that the existence of complex relationships will often have an affect on the actions of those involved. The nature of these relationships can have either a positive or negative effect on a person depending on the nature of it, or how severe its elements are. It is human nature to hold emotions inward and uphold a proud countenance; however, those who go against this natural tendency will exert a rebellion of sorts to any and every falsehood. In the poem â€Å"forgiving my father† by Lucille Clifton, the speaker describes a daughter is haunted by recollections of strife between her and her father. The speaker in the poem actually seeks to hold her father accountable for his shortcomings instead of forgiving him for his deficiencies. In the poem â€Å"My papa’s waltz† by Theodore Roethke, it is clear that the papa and the child have a relationship sprinkled with fear, joy and love. Both fathers in the poems are dangerous to their child in many ways. In Clifton’s poem, the speaker is in danger because of the mental distress and financial instability caused by her father. In Roethke’s poem, the speaker is in danger mainly due to his father’s abusive behavior. In Clifton’s poem, the speaker is using a monetary debt to symbolize a debt of love and affection. The father in this poem is unable to provide the necessary care for his family which leads to the early death of the speaker’s mother, and causes mental distress to the speaker. The speaker is haunted by her father even in sleeping. â€Å"all week you have stood in my dreams/like a ghost, asking for more time†(Clifton, Lucile â€Å"forgiving my father†, line 3-4) How can a ghost pay debts and asking for more time? It cannot. The word â€Å"ghost† symbolizes the worriment that the speaker has over the unpaid debts and lacks of care. While on the other hand, the father in Roethke’s poem, comes home drunk after a long day just in time for his son’s bedtime.†The whiskey on your breath/Could make a small boy dizzy/We romped until the pans/Slid from the kitchen shelf;/My mother’s countenance/Could not unfrown itself.† (Roethk e, Theodore â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, line 5-8) Envisioning a heavy-drunk man romping through the house with his small son, it is easy to see why a mother may frown at the spectacle. It is nearly time for bed, and the father is doing everything to get the son riles up rather than calm down for sleep. The fact that the romping dance is even disrupting  the order of the mother’s â€Å"kitchen shelf† surely contributes to her frowning countenance. Instead of bringing joy and love to their home, neither one of the fathers cares about his family. They bring danger to their family and leave unhealed wounds on their children. The father in Clifton’s poem is dangerous to the speaker. The relationship between the speaker and her father is marked by resentment and abandonment. In the second stanza of the poem, the speaker states that her grandfather is also a needy man just like her father.†but you were the son of a needy father,/the father of a needy son,† (Clifton, line 12-13) With neediness flowing through the family, the speaker is worried about her own destiny. The father in this poem sets a miserable path for the speaker to follow. In comparison to the father in Clifton’s poem, the father in Roethke’s poem abuses his child physically. The speaker depicts a harsh father-son relationship is that the description of the dancing is violent with systematic child-abuse. â€Å"The hand that held my wrist/Was battered on one knuckle;/At every step you missed/My right ear scraped a buckle./You beat time on my head† (Roethke, line 9-13) The father â€Å"beat time† on the child’s head and crashes around the room so much that â€Å"the pans/slid from the kitchen shelf.† The word â€Å"beat† is a clear indication of abuse, and the fact that the child is held still by a hand that is itself â€Å"battered† strengthened the sense that manual violence is the subject of the poem. A child doesn’t voluntarily use the word â€Å"beat† in the context of an adult’s relationship to the child unless intending to suggest child-abuse. The image of the father’s belt buckle scraping the child’s ear in the third stanza confirms the father uses whatever tools are available to accomplish this beating. Furthermore, the child doesn’t appear to be enjoying himself. â€Å"But I hung on like death./Such waltzing was not easy.† (Roethke, line 3-4) The child describes the â€Å"waltz† as requiring him to hang on â€Å"like death† is hardly a positive description of something a little boy would welcome. The word â€Å"death† raises the threatening reminder that child-abuse all too often has fatal consequences. In conclusion, both fathers are dangerous to their children. The father in  Clifton’s poem possesses an invisible danger to the speaker; while the other father possesses a visible danger to the speaker. However, I learn an important lesson from both poems also, which is to appreciate my parents even more. It is because my parents always love me unconditionally. I also learn to forgive others who may have hurt me either physically or emotionally. Often, forgiving someone can be a hard task. It can even be a crime for those who wish never to forgive. Forgiveness must come from the heart, and can be the solution to both parties.

The Chinese Culture

The dictionary defines â€Å"culture† as â€Å"the behavior and beliefs characteristics of a  particular social, ethnic, or age group† China has about five thousand years history which is a very long period of time. Also, the Chinese civilization was growing with these periods of time and it will continues greater than ever. Many wars and unhappinesses were happening during this period. The Chinese culture has many special characteristics which are very interesting for people to learn. The family life is very important for every Chinese.Chinese families are very close-knit. Children tend to stay with their parents even after they get married and have children of their own, so that you often see three or four generations living under the same roof. Each member of the family help each other when there is any problem The Chinese culture has many special characteristics which are  Ã‚  very interesting for   people to learn,  and delicious food to try. Some types of common Chinese food are rice, noodles, soup. The  Ã‚   Chinese people are known for their unusual eating method using â€Å"two chopsticks†.The  tradition of  chopsticks was introduced to many other countries in the world such as  Ã‚  Vietnam, North Korea, and  South Korea. As for many Asian families , Chinese people   eat dinner  all  together at one table, They try to put the meal in the centre of the table and other serving stuff informt of the people. If this is an official dinner with guests, all the places on the table can be   fulled with plates. If this a dinner with the family guys, only the minimum part of the table is used. Their most popular food is   white rice and they mostly like fish and sea foods.The people also like  eggs, fish, fruit, and shellfish.. Vegetables, especially  cabbage and Tofu rank second in Chinese diet. Roasted sweet potatoes are a popular snack Tea is the traditional Chinese beverage. Breakfast in China may be rice p orridge, chicken noodle soup, or deep fried pastries that  taste like donuts. In China the people's favorite lunch time foods include eggrolls, and  dumplings filled with meat or shrimps. A typical Chinese dinner includes vegetables with bits of meat or seafood, soup, and rice and noodles.In China most Chinese dishes are served in a boiling soup to keep the contents hot for longer, Chinese cuisine and culturel behaving can be   very very intresting chapter for us. That’s why people are trying to visit China and feel the difference of their cultures.. This is a very short time to summerize a very old culture in 1 hour but these Chinese different foods must have been tasted by everybody once in a life. That’s why Chinese restaurants are always crowded all over the World.

What Is Modern Town Planning Environmental Sciences Essay

â€Å" Modern town planning originated in Britain in the nineteenth century following a figure of urban reformists showing concern about the wellness and environmental conditions developing in towns and metropoliss following the Industrial Revolution. † ( Western Australian Planning Commission, 2007 ) . Planning, it ‘s non an easy word to specify, with it holding so many different significances to the one word. Although in the context in which this essay will discourse, Planning, or more specifically, Town Planning is the direction of land usage and the development in which, through the execution of policies and statutory procedures. These policies and processes enable the land to prolong growing and guarantee the balance between the communities and their surrounding environments. Planing involves the balance of the built environment and the natural environment therefore bettering on economic, societal and environment issues for the present every bit good as the hereafter. The two cardinal constituents of planning, involve Strategic Planning and Statutory Planning. Strategic Planning, involves the local and province authorities which focuses on the long term and regional planning of Western Australia. Strategic Planning incorporates a scope of environmental, societal and issues within the provinces substructure. Statutory Planning, acts as the legal operate in planning. Regulations and statute laws guarantee that appropriate land use and development controls are in topographic point and effectual manage the procedure of the land usage and development in the urban and regional planning countries. Western Australia ‘s planning system is based on five chief constituents those of which involve the followers, Strong and simple statute law ; centralised statutory and regional planning ; subdivision control and facilitation of local planning ; reliable support for metropolitan betterment and statutory authorization to exert powers, allocate resources an d supply advice based on adept professional support of a section of province. These â€Å" ingredients † are indispensable to this planning system which was established by the authoritiess, when they adopted the thought from Gordon Stephenson and Alastar Hepburn in 1955. Over the old ages each authorities had updated the planning system to accommodate the demands of the community for the hereafter. There are three degrees of authorities in Australia, Federal, States and local, each with a specific function and duty in relation to planning. The federal Government by and large deals with any planning issues that involve be aftering on a national degree. That is regional planning, be aftering which concerns parts that cross provinces and/or territory boundaries. The Federal Government besides has the duty for organizing a national attack to environmental and industry type development affairs. Besides The Fed Gov. is responsible for guaranting that Australia ‘s international duties are met. And that all parts of the Australian statute law are satisfied. The federal Government ‘s Planning powers are limitless ; where as the Local and State authoritiess be aftering powers are non. State and Territory authoritiess have primary duties that revolve around those of forest planning and land direction, where the environments are at interest. State Governments, are by and large involved with strategic planning, which is the designation of coveted or future land usage. ( Williams, 2008, p.41 ) Local authoritiess have duties for local land usage planning within a regional context. By and large most planning duties and determinations are made at a local authorities degree. Structure programs are an built-in portion of the planning procedure. Although non ever a statutory demand, they provide a model for the co-ordinated proviso of services, substructure, land usage and development. They are besides used by the WAPC and local authoritiess to assist do determinations about the subdivision and development of land. Structure programs are being used progressively by contrivers to assist organize land usage and development. They help contrivers see rezoning, subdivision and development applications. The WAPC has adopted construction programs for assorted parts of the State. They highlight the chances and restraints in the country of the program and can supply the footing for amendments to local planning strategies. Regional construction programs are strategic programs supplying a wide model for be aftering at the regional or sub-regional degree. They cover be aftering issues including bounds to growing in urban countries, population tendencies, employment co untries, major commercial Centres, conveyance links, substructure and service demands, environmental protection and regional unfastened infinite. They are prepared by the DPI on behalf of the WAPC and in audience with local authoritiess. Planing policies are developed and implemented by the WAPC and local authorities to supply counsel on planning, land usage and development affairs. They are a cardinal facet of town planning and are more flexible than statutory commissariats. Planing policies help the WAPC and local authoritiess to do consistent determinations on planning applications. The being of be aftering policies does non take the demand for subdivision and development applications to be considered on their virtues. A policy must spell out in clear linguistic communication how it is to run and the aims of its conditions. A policy must be made for town planning grounds. A policy made by a local authorities must non be inconsistent with WAPC policy. A policy is a usher and is non by and large included in a local planning strategy. A policy should be unfastened to public audience by advertisement and inviting entries. The WAPC and a local authorities must to the full see entries when finalizing a policy. Planing policies besides give counsel to an applier on the manner different types of development may be assessed by be aftering governments. They give information, which may help in the readying of an application or design of a peculiar undertaking. Before using a policy, the facts of an application should be considered, like the nature and location of a undertaking. An application should non be refused without consideration of the virtues of the instance. A planning policy which is applied systematically has stronger weight in an appeal state of affairs. The State Administrative Tribunal has recognised the function and significance of planning policy and has accepted that it is non necessary for town planning policies to be given formal legal position.